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Anal cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the anus, the opening at the end of the rectum where stool exits the body.
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It is often linked to HPV infection and can cause symptoms like rectal bleeding, pain, itching, and lumps around the anus.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for a positive prognosis.
Symptoms:
- Bleeding: Blood in the stool or on toilet paper after a bowel movement is a common symptom.
- Pain or discomfort: Pain, itching, or a feeling of fullness in the anal area can occur.
- Lump or mass: A noticeable lump or growth in or near the anus.
- Changes in bowel habits: This can include diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency.
- Discharge: An unusual discharge from the anus.
- Swollen lymph nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the groin area can also be a sign.
Causes and Risk Factors:
- HPV Infection: Most anal cancers are linked to HPV infection, a common sexually transmitted virus.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV or organ transplants can increase risk.
- Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for anal cancer.
- Age: While anal cancer can occur at any age, it is more common in older adults.
- Anal Sex: Receptive anal intercourse is a risk factor.
- History of other cancers: A history of cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer can also increase risk.
Diagnosis:
Digital Rectal Exam:
A doctor can feel for abnormalities during a physical exam.
Anoscopy:
A short, thin, tube-like instrument with a light is inserted into the anus to visualize the area.
Biopsy:
If abnormalities are found, a biopsy (tissue sample) is taken for analysis.
Imaging tests:
CT scans, MRI, or PET scans may be used to determine the extent and spread of the cancer.
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy and Radiation: These are often used together as the primary treatment.
- Surgery: Surgery may be an option, especially if other treatments are not effective or if the cancer has spread.
- Immunotherapy: Newer therapies like immunotherapy may also be used.
Prognosis:
Early detection is key:
The prognosis for anal cancer is generally good when it is caught in its early stages, according to Healthline.
Survival rates vary:
Survival rates depend on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the treatment received.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more
Nov 29, 2023 · Anal cancer can cause symptoms such as rectal bleeding, blood in the stool and anal pain. As it grows, it might cause a growth or lump.
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Anal Cancer – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment - OSF HealthCare
www.osfhealthcare.org › conditions › anal
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