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Thyroid cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the thyroid gland.
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The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck, produces hormones that regulate the body's use of energy.
Thyroid cancer is generally treatable, and the prognosis is often excellent, particularly for the most common types.
Types of Thyroid Cancer:
- Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The most common type, accounting for 70-80% of cases. It tends to grow slowly and can spread to lymph nodes.
- Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Makes up 10-15% of cases. It can spread through the bloodstream to distant organs like the lungs and bones.
- Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A neuroendocrine cancer, which is less common and has an intermediate prognosis.
- Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A rare and aggressive type with a poor prognosis.
- Hurthle cell cancer: A rare type that develops from a specific type of thyroid cell.
- Thyroid Lymphoma: A very rare and aggressive cancer of the body's white blood cells.
Symptoms:
A lump or nodule in the neck, Swelling in the neck, Neck pain that may radiate to the ears, Changes in voice or hoarseness, and Difficulty swallowing or breathing.
Risk Factors:
- Being between the ages of 25 and 65.
- Being female.
- Being Asian.
- Exposure to radiation, especially in childhood.
- Family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid disease.
- Having a goiter (enlarged thyroid).
- Certain genetic conditions.
Treatment:
- Surgery: Usually the first line of treatment for most thyroid cancers.
- Radioactive iodine: May be used after surgery to destroy any remaining thyroid cells.
- Hormone therapy: Used to replace thyroid hormones that are no longer produced by the thyroid gland.
- External beam radiation: May be used for more advanced or aggressive types of thyroid cancer.
- Targeted therapy and chemotherapy: May be used for advanced or anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Important Notes:
- Thyroid cancer is often diagnosed at a younger age than most other adult cancers.
- The prognosis for most patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer is excellent.
- Early detection and treatment are crucial for a positive outcome.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more
Feb 12, 2025 · Thyroid cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are common but ...
Thyroid cancer is usually very treatable and is often cured with surgery (see Thyroid Surgery brochure) and, if indicated, radioactive iodine.
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